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Leaders assemble for the France-sponsored Baghdad Conference in August 2021 - source: Government of Iraq
Brief Analysis
A Baghdad Summit in Amman: Implications for Regional Stability
The French-sponsored event could be a welcome starting point for wider cooperation between Iraq’s new government and its Arab neighbors—particularly Jordan—but only time will tell whether agreements made there come to fruition.
Dec 19, 2022
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  • Louis Dugit-Gros
  • Ghaith al-Omari
  • Bilal Wahab
A Lebanese protester holds a sign denouncing Iranian influence
Articles & Testimony
Iran Occupies Lebanon via Proxy, But the Lebanese Still Have Agency
Although not much can be done about disarming Hezbollah at the moment, any serious Western policy will need to focus on sanctioning the group’s domestic political enablers while engaging and protecting its Shia opponents.
Dec 13, 2022
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  • Hanin Ghaddar
A supporter of Tunisia's Islamist Ennahda Party protests against the Tunisian president's 2022 coup - source: Reuters
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
Tunisia: Caught Between the IMF and International Isolation
In the absence of strong international support, Tunisians have been left to face the worsening political and economic crises on their own
Dec 12, 2022
◆
  • Maher Latif
Articles & Testimony
Are the Saudis Reconsidering Their Nuclear Posture?
Various historical and recent factors suggest that the nuclear dimension of Gulf politics is again in flux amid a deepening world energy crisis.
Dec 12, 2022
◆
  • Simon Henderson
Articles & Testimony
The Paradox of Centralization and State Fracture in Iraq
Decentralizing power would have been the best way of avoiding a return to Saddam-era authoritarianism and corruption, but Baghdad has favored centralization instead—while simultaneously fissuring the state through sectarian patronage and competition.
Dec 9, 2022
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  • Bilal Wahab
Brief Analysis
Human Rights Sanctions on Iran Need More Coordination and Creativity
Several countries have rapidly imposed new sanctions in response to the regime’s repression of peaceful protests, but they should do more to harmonize and expand these actions.
Dec 9, 2022
◆
  • Henry Rome
Russian President Vladimir Putin meets Chinese President Xi Jinping at a summit in Beijing - source: Reuters
Articles & Testimony
The Middle East in a Multipolar Era: Why America’s Allies Are Flirting With Russia and China
Because many states are eschewing both alignment with a single great power and nonalignment, the best U.S. response to this “omni-alignment” is creating more tailored opportunities for high-value cooperation with Washington.
Dec 7, 2022
◆
  • Michael Singh
Chinese foreign minister Wang Yi meets Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed Bin Salman in Riyadh
Brief Analysis
What Saudi Arabia Wants from President Xi’s Visit
China is already one of the kingdom’s major commercial partners and a significant supplier of military and nuclear technology, but Riyadh wants more of each.
Dec 6, 2022
◆
  • Simon Henderson
  • Carol Silber
Qatar's Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al-Thani receives President of the United Arab Emirates Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan in Doha, Qatar - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
UAE Leader Visits Qatar: An Advance, Not a Breakthrough
Sandwiched between meetings with a Taliban leader and Israel’s president, the Doha trip reflects the scope and versatility of Emirati diplomacy.
Dec 5, 2022
◆
  • Simon Henderson
Brief Analysis
Tunisians Pessimistic Ahead of Parliamentary Election
Socioeconomic unrest is growing in many parts of the country, and the series of elections planned this month and next year hold little prospect of bolstering public confidence in an increasingly autocratic government.
Dec 2, 2022
◆
  • Sabina Henneberg
OPEC flag
Articles & Testimony
Inflation, Soccer, Russia’s Mischief—Will Anyone Pay Attention to OPEC+?
Whether or not the cartel tweaks production quotas at its next meeting, ongoing global crises and the approach of a dark, cold winter in Europe may yet cause economic shudders.
Dec 1, 2022
◆
  • Simon Henderson
Palestians on a Mediterranean beach in Gaza
Brief Analysis
Changing Population Patterns Will Reshape the Middle East
Several of the region’s demographic heavyweights will be surpassed, and major shifts at the global level may affect how great powers vie for influence there as well.
Nov 22, 2022
◆
  • Patrick Clawson
U.S. Army tactical microgrid equipment - source: U.S. Army
Brief Analysis
Using Microgrids to Provide Energy Security for U.S. Bases in the Middle East
The Ukraine war has shown how vulnerable military facilities are to potential attacks on a host country’s energy infrastructure, but Washington has cost-effective renewable options to mitigate this risk, especially in the Middle East.
Nov 21, 2022
◆
  • Nathan P. Olsen
New Iraqi Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani attends the first regular session of the Council of Ministers in Baghdad in November 2022 - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Who Is Mohammed Shia al-Sudani?
A closer look at the new prime minister’s political career, past affiliations, and key cabinet picks as he attempts to balance relations with pro-Iran groups and wary U.S. officials.
Nov 18, 2022
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  • May Kadow
  • Erik Yavorsky
Iraq Oil
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
What Could Iraqis Gain from Their Oil Windfall?
Although Iraq stands to gain significant revenues from an oil windfall, urgent reforms are needed to ensure these funds benefit the people, not just the elites.
Nov 18, 2022
◆
  • Mohammed Hussein
Qatari and Saudi soccer players in the 2014 Gulf Cup final game - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
Gulf Rivalries and the Qatar World Cup
Nearly two years after Gulf neighbors put a splint on their diplomatic fracture with Doha, persistent tensions and historic quarrels will form a major part of the competition’s backdrop.
Nov 17, 2022
◆
  • Simon Henderson
President Joe Biden waves from the steps of Air Force One - source: White House photo
Brief Analysis
Biden Heads to Egypt Amid Economic Protests and Libyan Gridlock
Although climate issues will by definition headline the latest COP summit, Egypt’s human rights record, simmering protest movement, and questionable policies in neighboring Libya will provide plenty of additional fodder for Biden’s discussions with Sisi.
Nov 10, 2022
◆
  • David Schenker
  • Ben Fishman
Brief Analysis
Iran’s Oil Exports Are Vulnerable to Sanctions
Iran continues to export significant volumes of oil, providing a key source of revenue for the regime—and a potential target for increased economic pressure.
Nov 9, 2022
◆
  • Henry Rome
Middle East Map
Fikra Forum
Fikra Forum
In 2022 Polls, Views on U.S. Relations On Par with Other World Powers in the Middle East
Regional polls from March and August reveal shifting power dynamics, as economic conditions and relations with Israel continue to weigh on citizens’ minds.
Nov 9, 2022
◆
  • Frances McDonough
A cargo ship carrying Ukrainian grain passes through the Bosphorus - source: Reuters
Brief Analysis
MENA Countries Stand to Lose the Most If the Ukraine Grain Initiative Falters
Russia will continue using the Black Sea corridors as leverage, so Western countries and their partners should prepare alternative routes and other assistance as counter-leverage.
Nov 8, 2022
◆
  • Anna Borshchevskaya
  • Louis Dugit-Gros
  • Sabina Henneberg

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Supported by the

Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy

The Washington Institute's Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy embodies the Institute's long-term research focus on the conservative Arab Gulf states -- Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the UAE, and Oman -- and the key role these countries play collectively as a primary source of the world's oil and natural gas.

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Featured experts

Patrick Clawson
Patrick Clawson
Patrick Clawson is Morningstar senior fellow and director of research at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy.
Simon Henderson
Simon Henderson
Simon Henderson is the Baker fellow and director of the Bernstein Program on Gulf and Energy Policy at The Washington Institute, specializing in energy matters and the conservative Arab states of the Persian Gulf.
Henry Rome
Henry Rome
Henry Rome is a Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, specializing in Iran sanctions, economic, and nuclear issues.
Michael Singh
Michael Singh
Michael Singh is the Managing Director and Lane-Swig Senior Fellow at The Washington Institute.
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